ABSTRACT
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de gestão do Componente Especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica (CEAF) no estado de São Paulo (ESP), sob os aspectos organizacional, operacional e sustentabilidade. O desenho do estudo foi uma investigação avaliativa, com adaptação de um modelo teórico e protocolo de indicadores desenvolvido para aplicação em âmbito nacional, e validado (Grupo Nominal e Comitê Tradicional) para a aplicação na realidade do ESP. A coleta de dados, em 35 unidades, foi realizada em 2017 e 2018 e contemplou todas as áreas que participam da gestão/execução do CEAF do estado, em seu âmbito central e regional. A avaliação da capacidade de gestão foi fundamentada na análise crítica dos resultados obtidos, analisando suas fragilidades e as potencialidades. Verificou-se que a capacidade de gestão foi positiva na dimensão operacional, com desafios concentrados nas demais dimensões. Os resultados demonstraram maiores investimentos e desenvolvimento em aspectos técnicos da assistência farmacêutica, mas deficitárias em relação a aspectos como: monitoramento de resultados clínicos, regulamentação, infraestrutura e comunicação com os atores envolvidos.
Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the management capacity of the Specialized Component of Pharmaceutical Services (CEAF, in Portuguese) in the state of São Paulo (SP), according to the organizational, operational and sustainability aspects. The study was designed as an evaluative investigation, with the adoption of a theoretical model and protocol of indicators developed for application at the national level and validated (Nominal Group and Traditional Committee) for application in the reality of the SP. The data collection in the 35 CEAF units was carried out in 2017 and 2018, and covered all technical areas that participate in the management/execution of CEAF, in both its central and regional scopes. The assessment of management capacity was based on a critical analysis of the obtained results, analyzing their strengths and weaknesses. After collecting data from 35 CEAF units, it was found that the management capacity was positive in the operational dimension with challenges concentrated in the other dimensions. The results showed greater investments and development in the technical aspects of pharmaceutical services, but deficiencies in such areas as the monitoring of clinical results, infrastructure, regulation, and communication with the actors involved.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmaceutical Services , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Brazil , Drug and Narcotic ControlABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: los medicamentos de alto costo son medicamentos nuevos, altamente específicos y utilizados en condiciones clínicas complejas, como el tratamiento de algunos tipos de cáncer; enfermedades que comprometen el sistema inmunológico, enfermedades inflamatorias o infecciosas. Objetivo: determinar cumplimiento del plan de consumo de los medicamentos de alto costo en la provincia de Matanzas, en el quinquenio 2012-2017. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, observacional de seguimiento sobre el cumplimiento del plan de consumo de los medicamentos de alto costo, en la población matancera del año 2012 al 2017. Se analizó el universo de medicamentos incluidos en esta categoría, a partir de la base de datos de suministro de medicamentos que emplea la Empresa Comercializadora de Medicamentos. Se identificaron las variables estudiadas. Resultados: en todo el período de estudio se observó un incremento creciente de los medicamentos de alto costo, en el 88,9 % de ellos el consumo ha estado por encima de la planificación realizada por la provincia. Los costos se incrementaron en un 233 % y además en las prescripciones realizadas de estos productos, se encontraron problemas como escaques vacíos, antibióticos sin impresión diagnóstica y omisión de la forma de presentación del medicamento y/o dosis indicada. Conclusiones: el consumo de muchos medicamentos de alto costo fue mayor que la planificación realizada en la provincia de Matanzas, durante el período analizado. Implicó un incremento significativo del presupuesto destinado a estos fines y se detectaron dificultades en el cumplimiento de lo establecido en las prescripciones de dichos medicamentos (AU).
ABSTRACT Introduction: high cost medications (HCM) are new highly specific medications and used in complex clinical conditions as in treatment of some types of cancer, diseases that compromise the immunological system, inflammatory or infections disorders. Objective: to determine the fulfillment of the consumption plan of high-cost medications in the province of Matanzas in the period 2012-2017. Materials and methods: a descriptive, observational, follow up study on the fulfillment of the consumption plan of high-cost medication by the population of Matanzas2012 year to 2017. The universe of drugs included in this category was analyzed on the bases of the drug-supplying database used by the Drug Commercializing Enterprise (ENCOMED in Spanish). The studied variables were identified. Results: it was observed a growing increase of high-cost drugs use during all the period; in 88.9 % of them the consumption has been above the planning made in the province. The costs increased in 233 %, and besides that in the prescriptions made of these drugs there were found problems like empty boxes, antibiotics without diagnostic impression and omissions of the drug presentation forms and/or the prescribed doses. Conclusions: the consumption of many high-cost drugs was higher than the planning made in the province of Matanzas for the analyzed period. It implied a significant increase of the budget destined for these aims and difficulties were found in the fulfillment of the terms for prescribing these drugs (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Drug Costs/standards , Drug and Narcotic Control/methods , Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee/standards , National Drug Policy , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosageABSTRACT
El Fondo Nacional de Recursos es una persona pública no estatal que brinda cobertura financiera a procedimientos de medicina altamente especializada, fue creado por ley en el año 1979 para brindar dichas prestaciones con equidad y con la máxima calidad, asegurando su sustentabilidad. En el año 2004, el Fondo Nacional de Recursos decidió iniciar la cobertura financiera de dos medicamentos de alto costo para patologías con indicación de técnicas financiadas por la institución y que en ese momento no estaban incluidos en la canasta básica de prestaciones de las instituciones de asistencia sanitaria. Esto generaba una inequidad en el acceso a las mismas. Con la evidencia científica disponible hasta ese momento, decidió iniciar la cobertura financiera de rituximab e imatinib para el tratamiento del linfoma no Hodgkin B y de la leucemia mieloide crónica, respectivamente. Se describe en esta publicaciónlas bases científicas que avalaron las normativas de cobertura, el desarrollo de las mismas y la metodología de trabajo utilizada para su implementación. Se analiza los resultados obtenidos con estas dos normativas, el impacto generado en la asistencia y su rol como modelo para la cobertura de otros medicamentos de alto costo. De dicho análisis surge que las normativas de cobertura del imatinib y el rituximab brindaron la posibilidad del uso universal y equitativo de estas drogas y mejoraron la calidad de asistencia de las patologías contempladas. En los pacientes tratados se obtuvieron resultados comparables con los estándares internacionales. La supervivencia a dos años en linfomas no Hodgkin agresivos fue 74,7%, en linfomas no Hodgkin indolentes fue 88,4% y en leucemia mieloide crónica fue 92,7%. Las normativas sirvieron además como modelo operativo para la implementación de la cobertura financiera de otros medicamentos de alto costo generando un impacto en la medicina nacional...
The National Resource Fund is a non-state legal entity that provides financial coverage to highly specialized medical procedures; it was created by law in 1979 to provide such care with equality and the best quality, while ensuring sustainability. In 2004, the National Resource Fund decided to start providing financial coverage for two high-cost medications for conditions with techniques funded by the agency, which at the time were not included in the core listing of care of the health care centers. That led to inequity in peoples access to such care. With the scientific evidence available at the time, the Fund decided to start covering rituximab and imatinib for the treatment of non Hodgkin B lymphoma and chronic myeloid leukemia, respectively. This paper describes the scientific grounds that supported the coverage regulations, their development and the methodology applied for their implementation. We discuss the results obtained with these two regulations, their impact on care and their role as a model for coverage of other high-cost drugs. Based on the analysis, it becomes apparent that the regulations for coverage of imatinib and rituximab made it possible to provide universal and equitable administration of these drugs and improved the quality of care of the above conditions. The results observed in the patients treated were consistent with international standards. Two-year survival of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas was 74.7%, in smoldering non-Hodgkin lymphomas was 88.4% and chronic myeloid leukemia was 92.7%. The regulations also acted as an operative model for the implementation of financial coverage of other high-cost drugs, impacting the countrys medicine. In 2011 the National Resource Fund provided financial coverage to pay for high cost medicine of over 1,500 patients, which accounts for about 30% the agencys annual budget.
Subject(s)
Humans , Health Care Costs/standards , Health Planning Guidelines , Healthcare Financing , Pharmaceutical Preparations/economics , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy , UruguayABSTRACT
Este artigo aborda, de forma crítica, aspectos das políticas públicas brasileiras para medicamentos, com ênfase nos de alto custo dirigidos às doenças raras. As doenças lisossômicas foram utilizadas como exemplo pela sua raridade e pela tendência mundial para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos para seu tratamento. Três doenças foram abordadas: doença de Gaucher, doença de Fabry e mucopolissacaridose tipo I. Embora todas tenham medicamentos registrados no Brasil, a doença de Gaucher é a única com protocolo clínico e diretrizes de tratamento balizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde. Os autores almejam, com este artigo, fomentar a discussão sobre o papel da avaliação de tecnologias em saúde para o tratamento das doenças raras no Brasil, enfatizando a necessidade de políticas legitimadas dirigidas especialmente a elas. A despeito das dificuldades de se estabelecer uma política de saúde específica para cada doença rara, é possível o estabelecimento de modelos racionais para lidar com esse crescente desafio.
This paper approaches in a critical way aspects of Brazilian public policies for drugs, emphasizing those classified as high cost and for rare diseases. The lysosomal storage diseases was taken as an example because of their rarity and the international trend for the development of new drugs for their treatment, all at high costs. Three lysosomal storage diseases were approached: Gaucher disease, Fabry disease and mucopolysaccharidosis type I. Gaucher disease has its treatment drug licensed in Brazil and guidelines for its use are established through a clinical protocol by the Ministry of Health. The others have their drug treatments registered in Brazil; however, no treatment guidelines for them have been developed by the government. The objective of the paper was to foster the discussion on the role of health technology assessment for high-cost drugs for rare diseases in Brazil, emphasizing the need for establishing health policies with legitimacy towards these diseases. Despite the difficulties in establishing a health policy for each rare disease, it is possible to create rational models to deal with this growing challenge.